Hand Controlled Car For Disabled Individuals Engineering Essay

Hand Controlled Car For Disabled Individuals Engineering Essay creative bodily functionDefinition of CarCar was defined as a motor vehicle with four wheels and normally suitn by an internal combustion engine. The primary(prenominal) function of gondola car was used for the transport of channeliseengers. Nowadays, a car is the most common transportation for personal use in travelling, working and also obtain (Kameda 2009). Generally, a standard car is invented for normal person who is capable to use both their hold and legs to soften the oil pedal, bracken pedal, centering wheel, shift open and also the storage argona pedal for manual car in transmission control.However, in this recent year, machinelike transmission car is more popular than the manual transmission car and childlikely used around the world. For all knowledge, at that place are signifi dopet differences between an automatic transmission and a manual transmission. For example, clutch pedal and flip shift were not found in an automatic transmission car. Everything was automatic once we put the transmission of car into drive mode. However, automatic transmission only provide a narrow speed range while manual transmission preempt operate in a wide range of output speeds. With the automatic transmission, users can drive a car easily and no admit to control the clutch pedal and also gear shift during driving journey. Therefore, the driving ability has become an important part in normal life.DisabilityDisability is generally defined as a physical or a moral impairment which can make our routine tasks more difficult or impossible. According to the World Health Organization, there was a distinction between disability, impairment and handicap. A disability is any restriction or lack of ability that caused by impairment to perform an activity in the manner or within the range considered normal for a human being. Meanwhile, impairment is any loss or abnormality of psychological, physiolog ical or anatomical structure or function. Handicap is a disadvantage for a given individual, resulting from impairment or a disability that prevents the fulfillment of a procedure that is considered normal for that individual. In other words, this disability term is commonly used for individual functioning which includes physical impairment, sensory impairment, cognitive impairment, intellectual impairment mental illness, and various types of chronic disease. Disability not only effects on human organs or body parts, it may be effects on an individuals participation in life.Type of DisabilityMobility and Physical ImpairmentsSpinal Cord DisabilityHead injuries or Brain DisabilityVision Disability perceive DisabilityCognitive or Learning DisabilityPsychological DisordersHand Controlled CarA hand controlled car was a vehicle that uses both hands to operate the brake, gun for hire and clutch. Hand controlled car was designed for the physically challenged citizenry who cannot use both legs to operate the accelerator and brake pedals. Thus, with the assist of hand-controlled car, disabled individuals can acquire a driving license and drive safely on the road. Nowadays, there are several of hand controlled car in the market. For example, the invention of digital accelerator ring and the main hand brake in car for the driving without the use of both legs. This cars users just need to push the digital accelerator ring towards the steering wheel to accelerate and move the main hand brake downward to brake (Figure 1.1).Figure 1.1 The Digital Accelerator Ring and main(prenominal) Hand BrakeIn addition, automatic transmissions car are strongly recommended for those disabled drivers so that they do not need to operate the clutch controller. some other example of hand controlled car was used a portable hand controls. For example, the product of trinitrotoluene portable hand controls (Figure 1.2).Figure 1.2 Demonstration of utilise TNT portable hand controlsFigure 1.3 At tachment of TNT portable hand controls in a carThis portable device was designed for those disabled people much(prenominal) as amputees, paraplegics, and quadriplegics who cannot return and maintain the pressure that needed to operate the accelerator and the brake pedal. With the invention of TNT portable hand controls, the user can use the left hand to operate the both accelerator and brake pedals the palm is used to apply the brake pedal and the thumb is used to apply the accelerator pedal while the right hand is free to control the steering wheel (Figure 1.3).Aims and ObjectivesThe main objective of this research study is to modify a car in order to enable disabled individuals drive safely on the road. In addition, the cost of hand-controlled car should low so that disabled individuals sustain to owe a car. For the convenience of disabled individuals, the hand-controlled car must easy in maintenance as well.Literature ReviewA standard car was designed to be control by a normal person who is able to use their arms and legs for controlling accelerate and brake pedals, a steering wheel and also a shift pry. However operations using left and right arms and at least hotshot leg are still needed for a car drive (Kameda 2009). This paper presented a peg car drive administration for a handicapped person using a wheelchair. With the help of this joystick drive system, a handicapped person can drive a car with his/her single hand. In this joystick drive system, there was a mechanical linkage connected to accelerate and brake pedals which is controlled by an operation lever. This lever only can be shifted in fanny and forward direction. Pulling the lever in the backward direction result accelerate a car whereas pushing the lever to the forward direction to brake a car.The demographics of the disabled and aging populations who are demanding to maintain their independence and mobility tested the driver licensing authorities to ensure that physical and cognitive difficulties are measured to an congenial standard (Roake 2008). In order to compensate for reduced ability, servo system has been developed to enable severely disabled people to drive safely and pass the standard driving test. This development engineering interfaced with the vehicles primary and secondary controls which include electronic joystick devices to operate steering, braking and accelerator along with infra red or wireless systems to interface with vehicle electronic systems such as Multiplex and Can Bus electronic systems (Roake 2008).Shaheen (2001) described the recent findings on the driving-related physical and cognitive impairments faced by the elderly. Two major types of vehicle design and infrastructure adaptations were proposed (1) fittings for private vehicle and (2) intelligent technology and support services for private vehicles (Susan A. Shaheen 2001). adaptive driving controls, such as mechanical hand controls or electromechanical contact switches, now allow ed even the most severely impaired to operate a vehicle. However, these mechanical functions are usually directed toward primary controls only, such as steering, braking, and accelerating, which limits the ability of drivers to operate secondary controls such as the horn, turn signals, ignition, and headlights (Quintin 1991). Vehicle control adaptations can be effective, simple, and inexpensive. For example, the use of simple extension bars to gear levers and lever release mechanisms for hand braking.Nowadays, there are several joystick systems lendable in commercial which were specifically designed for those drivers with limited strength in their arms and hands. However, (Ostlund 1999) concluded that the tested joystick system had several functional limitation which includes time lags, lack of feedback and risk of interference between steering and speed control. In this journal paper, a design called uncoupled control was compared with the conventional joystick design which calle d as coupled control. In coupled control joystick, the original lever was replaced with a forklike grip which developed for driver with tetraplegia. In other one hands, the joystick with uncoupled control was developed by modifying the joystick in order to transform the radial speed controlling motion into a linear longitudinal motion. Nevertheless, there were sensors and actuators equipped in this joystick system to monitor the drivers control commands and provide a force feedback to the driver. Therefore, the joystick will back to soggy position if the driver released it.All tetraplegics and most paraplegics depend on mobility aids such as wheelchairs for short-range transportation (Bjorn Peters 2001). Therefore, in order to become a licensed driver, the right adaptation is needed. The purpose of this journal paper was examined the driver performance and limitations of drivers with tetraplegia and investigate the influences adaptation designs in drivers performance and imposed w orkload. There are two types of hand controls installed in a car simulator, one had two separate levers and the other had one combined lever for braking and accelerating. For the system with separate levers, the braking lever was controlled by pushing it forward, while the accelerator lever was moved radially downward. The combined lever system was operated by pushing the lever to brake and puff to accelerate. However, both systems had their pros and cons. For example, in the single lever system, the driver was impossible to use both hands on the steering wheel, while the dual lever system will prolonged the reaction time of transfer accelerator lever to brake lever especially in critical situation.MethodologyBefore I make further research about my thesis which entitled Hand Controlled Car for Disabled Individuals, I had search and read through some poem of journal articles from database such as IEEE, Science Direct, and SpringerLink. For example the keywords that I used to search related journal articles were Disabled Vehicle, Hand Controlled Car, Handicapped Car and so on. Next, I decided to choose car Myvi as my car model to do the car modification for the need of disabled people in Malaysia. In my research study, I will create my own design in draft with the suitable dimension as well. In addition, I also need to find out the most suitable textiles that can be used for the car modification. In the future, I will conduct some experiment tests, such as tensile test and stress test for the real(a)s that was chosen to examine the characteristic of relevant material whether the material suitable to use for car modification or not. Besides that, I will also use Solidwork software to present my own design unit in 3D.MaterialsFollowing are the criteria material of my design unitMedium to high strengthGood toughnessGood surface finishfantabulous corrosion resistance to atmospheric conditionsExcellent joining characteristicsGood workabilityWidely availableBased on the criteria material that mention above, I suggest aluminium alloy 6061 as the main material of my design unit. Aluminium alloy 6061 is a versatile heat treatable aluminium alloy. Aluminium alloy 6061 consists various of components in its chemical composition (Table 1). Besides that, it has wide range of mechanical and corrosion resistance properties (Table 2). Generally, aluminium alloy 6061 is used in many applications such as aircraft structures, truck bodies, yacht construction and so on.Table 1 Typical Chemical Composition of Aluminium alloy 6061ComponentAmount (wt.%)AluminiumBalanceMagnesium0.8-1.2Silicon0.4 0.8IronMax. 0.7 atomic number 290.15-0.40ZincMax. 0.25TitaniumMax. 0.15ManganeseMax. 0.15Chromium0.04-0.35Others0.05Table 2 Mechanical Properties of Aluminium Alloy 6061TemperUltimate Tensile Strength (MPa)0.2% Proof puree (MPa)Brinell Hardness (500kg load, 10mm ball)Elongation 50mm dia (%)0110-15265-11030-3314-16T118095-9616T4179 min110 minT6260-310240-27695-979-13R esultsFigure 4.4 First Draft Design of Hand Controlled Car social unitDiscussionAccording to the result above, I just did the sketching of my design unit. This design is easy to control, push forward to accelerate and pull backward to brake a car. However, this design occupies a lot of spaces in driver seat, thus the users will face some difficulty to enter and leave the car.For my future work, I will modify my design in order to increase the spaces for the movement of disabled people. Besides that, I will include the placement of wheelchair in consideration of my design.